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Scientific Division Director, Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Thomas W. Kirchstetter is an Adjunct Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and a Scientific Division Director for Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Kirchstetter’s research focuses on energy policy standards, the environmental impacts of municipal solid waste-to-energy, the optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols, and the characterization of motor vehicle emissions and control technologies. He is the Chief Scientific Advisor to the Cyclotron Road Program, which turns science concepts into viable market products and positions scientists for societal impact. Kirchstetter also received the prestigious American Chemical Society Editor’s Choice award in 2019 and the Top Environmental Technology Paper in Environmental Science & Technology award in 2017, among other notable accolades.
Postdoctoral Research Associate., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1998 – 2000
Kirchstetter’s research focuses on inventing and benchmarking air pollution sensors, community-engaged air pollution monitoring using low-cost sensor networks, and the climate and air pollution footprints of anaerobic digestion to convert waste to energy. Here are a few of the research projects Kirchstetter is currently working on below:
Quantifying emissions from diesel trucks - Diesel engines are major sources of black carbon (BC), a major constituent of particulate matter (PM) emitted in diesel exhaust, and nitrogen oxides (NOx). To reduce these emissions and their associated adverse effects on human health and the environment, new heavy-duty diesel trucks sold in the U.S. are typically equipped with diesel particle filters (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. Similar approaches are being used in other parts of the world to control diesel engine emissions. Nationwide, reductions in emissions are expected to occur over a time scale of several decades as new trucks equipped with these emission control systems replace older, higher-emitting trucks. Kirchstetter’s research measures the in-use performance and durability of particle filters and selective catalytic reduction on heavy-duty diesel trucks to verify the emission benefits, as well as unintended consequences, of California’s retrofit/replacement policies.
Developing new air pollutant sensing technologies for communities - Black carbon emissions from fossil and biomass fuel combustion pose a health concern to urban and rural communities in developed and emerging economies. Black carbon is a major component of diesel particulate matter, a toxic and carcinogenic pollutant. It is a short-lived climate pollutant that absorbs sunlight in the atmosphere when deposited on snow and ice. Black carbon emissions contribute to climate change with a radiative forcing on par with methane. Kirchstetter's research group recently developed a small, low-cost black carbon sensor and created a first-of-its-kind community black carbon air quality network. Partnering with the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project (WOEIP), the Environmental Defense Fund, and with the support of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, his research team led a study of the spatial and temporal patterns of black carbon air pollution in West Oakland. The study provides an opportunity to evaluate the benefits of a network of air pollution sensors dispersed within a community over the traditional approach of monitoring air pollution at centrally located sites.
Quantifying emissions from dry anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste-to-energy: UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, supported by the California Energy Commission, are partnering with the Zero Waste Energy Development Company (ZWEDC) to better quantify the emissions benefits and policy and economic barriers to converting organic municipal solid waste to energy. ZWEDC operates the world's largest anaerobic digestion facility in the world. Diversion of waste for the anaerobic production of biogas reduces landfill methane emissions (which comprise 20% of California's anthropogenic methane inventory), supports municipal "zero-waste" goals, and helps California build its renewable energy portfolio. Kirchstetter’s research team is quantifying emissions of greenhouse gases, odorous compounds, and other air pollutants associated with anaerobic digestion, conversion of biogas to electricity, and composting processes; conducting life-cycle cost, energy, and greenhouse gas assessments to enable the maximum economic and environmental performance of waste-to-energy facilities; and evaluating policy and economic barriers that inhibit scale-up and additional net energy export.
Pictured left: postdoctoral fellow Chelsea Preble; Prof Kirchstetter; undergraduate students Annie Rosen, Kelly Archer, and Shannon Chang; Berkeley Lab's Jonathan Slack; undergraduate student Carter Keeling; WOEIP's Ms. Margaret Gordon; graduate student Julien Caubel; and UCB's research specialist Troy Cados.
Awards and Activities:
American Chemical Society Editor’s Choice, 2019
Co-founder and Chair of Oppenheimer Leadership Network, 2020 – 2021
Participant, Oppenheimer Science & Energy Leadership Program, 2019
Member, SMART Mobility Steering Committee, Vehicle Technologies Office, DOE, 2018 – present
Organizer, International Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the Atmosphere, 2000 – present
Editor, Aerosol Science and Technology Journal, 2013 – 2018
R&D 100 Award Winner, Cool Roof Time Machine, 2017
Top Environmental Technology Paper in Environmental Science & Technology, 2017
Outstanding Urban Heat Island Group of Researchers Award, 2016
Editor, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2006 – 2013
Outstanding Mentor Award, DOE, Office of Science Undergraduate Research Program, 2005
Research & Development Award, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2011, 2007, 2002
Alexander Hollaender Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship, Department of Energy, 1998
Golden West Section Graduate Scholarship, Air & Waste Management Association, 1994
Science and Engineering Research Semester Award, Department of Energy, 1992
CE218A, Air Quality Engineering: Air pollution and climate change; sources and controls; atmospheric transport, deposition, and chemical transformations; atmospheric aerosol dynamics and control techniques (Spring 2017 and 2016 - with RA Harley and WW Nazaroff)
CE111L, Water and Air Quality Laboratory: Contaminant transport and transformation, reactor models, water treatment, and air quality (Fall 2019, 2018, 2017; Spring 2016, 2015, 2014)
CE111, Environmental Engineering: Contaminant transport and transformation, reactor models, water treatment, and air quality (Fall 2012; Spring 2011; Spring 2008)
E11, Environmental Engineering and Science: Population growth, energy consumption, air pollution, climate change, and water treatment (Spring 2005)
- Chelsea Preble, Research Engineer, CEE
- Rebecca Sugrue, Postdoc, CEE
- James Butler, Graduate Student Researcher, CEE
- Dr. Odelle Hadley, E.O. Lawrence Postdoctoral Fellow, LBNL, Jan 2009 – Dec 2011
- Dr. Joshua Apte, ITRI-Rosenfeld Postdoctoral Fellow, LBNL, Jun 2013 – Dec 2014
- Dr. Chelsea Preble, UC Berkeley, Environmental Engineering, PhD awarded May 2017
- Dr. Julien Caubel, UC Berkeley, Mechanical Engineering, PhD awarded Dec 2018
- Dr. Rebecca Sugrue, UCB, Environmental Engineering, PhD awarded Aug 2022
2022
87. Sugrue, R; Preble, CV; Tarplin, AG; Kirchstetter, TW (2022) In-use Passenger Vessel Emission Rates of Black Carbon and Nitrogen Oxide, Environ. Sci. Technol., doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c00435
86. Wai, TH; Apte, JS; Harris, MH; Kirchstetter, TW; Portier, CJ; Preble, CV; Roy, A, Szpiro, AA (2022), Insights from Application of a Hierarchical Spatio-Temporal Model to an Intensive Urban Black Carbon Monitoring Dataset, Atmos. Environ., doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119069
2021
85. Singer, BC; Zhao, H; Preble, CV; Delp, WW; Pantelic, J; Sohn, MD; Kirchstetter, TK (2021), Measured Influence of Overhead HVAC on Exposure to Airborne Contaminants from Simulated Speaking in a Meeting and a Classroom, Indoor Air, doi.org/10.1111/ina.12917
84. Smith, SJ; Satchwell, AJ; Kirchstetter, TW; Scown, CD (2021) The implications of facility design and enabling policies on the economics of dry anaerobic digestion, Waste Management, doi.org/10.3390/s20236714
2020
83. Sugrue, R, Preble, CV; Kirchstetter, TW (2020) Comparing the Use of High- to Low-Cost Black Carbon and Carbon Dioxide Sensors for Characterizing On-Road Diesel Truck Emissions, Sensors, doi.org/10.3390/s20236714
82. Preble, CV; Chen, S Hotchi, T; Sohn, M; Maddalena, R; Russell, M; Brown, NJ; Scown, C; Kirchstetter, TW (2020) Air pollutant emission rates for dry anaerobic digestion and composting of organic municipal solid waste, Environ. Sci. Technol., doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c03953
81. Nordahl, S; Devkota, J; Amirebrahimi, J; Smith, S; Breunig, H; Preble, C; Satchwell, A; Jin, L; Brown, N; Kirchstetter, T; Scown, C (2020) Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Human Health Tradeoffs of Organic Waste Management Strategies, Environ. Sci. Technol., doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c00364
80. Chambliss, SE; Preble, CV; Caubel, JJ; Cados, T; Messier, KP; Alverez, RA; La Franchi, B; Lunden, M; Marshall, JD; Szpiro, AA Kirchstetter, TW; Apte, JS (2020) Comparison of Mobile and Fixed-Site Black Carbon Measurements for High-Resolution Urban Pollution Mapping, Environ. Sci. Technol., doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c01409
2019
79. Preble, CV; Harley, RA; Kirchstetter, TW (2019) Control Technology-Driven Changes to In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck Emissions of Nitrogenous Species and Related Environmental Impacts, Environ. Sci. Technol., doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b04763
78. Caubel, JJ; Cados, TE; Prevle, CV; Kirchstetter, TW (2019) Distributed Network of 100 Black Carbon Sensors for 100 Days of Air Quality Monitoring in West Oakland, California, Environ. Sci. Technol., doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b00282
77. Sun, T; Liu, L; Flanner, MG; Kirchstetter, TW; Jiao, C; Preble, CV; Chang, WL; Bond, TC (2019) Constraining a Historical Black Carbon Emission Inventory of the United States for 1960-2000, J. Geophy. Res. Atmos., doi:10.1029/2018JD030201
76. Browne, E; Zhang, X; Franklin, J; Ridley, K; Kirchstetter, TW; Wilson, K; Cappa, C; Kroll, J (2019) Effect of heterogeneous oxidative aging on light absorption by biomass-burning organic aerosol, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 53:6, 663-674, doi:10.1080/02786826.2019.1599321
2018
75. Satchwell, AJ; Scown, CD; Smith, SJ; Amirebrahimi, J; Jin, L; Kirchstetter, TW; Brown, NJ; Preble, CV (2018) Accelerating the Deployment of Anaerobic Digestion to Meet Zero Waste Goals, Environ. Sci. Technol., doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04481
74. Preble, CV; Cados, TE; Harley, RA; Kirchstetter, TW (2018) In-use performance and durability of particle filters on heavy-duty diesel trucks, Environ. Sci. Technol., doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02977
73. Caubel, JJ; Cados, TE; Kirchstetter, TW (2018) A New Black Carbon Sensor for Dense Air Quality Monitoring Networks, Sensors, 18, 738, doi.org/10.3390/s18030738
2017
72. Apte, JS; Messier, KP; Gani, S; Brauer, M; Kirchstetter, TW; Lunden, MM; Marshall, JD; Portier, CJ; Vermeulen, RCH; Hamburg, SP (2017) High-resolution air pollution mapping with Google Street View cars: exploiting big data, Environ. Sci. Technol., doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00891
71. Kirchstetter, TW; Preble, CV; Hadley, OL; Bond, TC; Apte, JS (2017) Large reductions in urban black carbon concentrations in the United States between 1965 and 2000, Atmos. Environ., 151, 17-23, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv 2016.11.001
2016
70. Berdahl P, Chen SS, Destaillats H, Kirchstetter TW, Levinson RM, Zalich MA (2016) Fluorescent cooling of objects exposed to sunlight – The ruby example. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2016.05.058
2015
69. Sleiman, M; Chen, S; Gilbert, HE; Kirchstetter, TW; Berdahl, P, et al (2015) Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar reflectance - Part III: Interlaboratory study of an accelerated aging method for roofing materials, SOLMAT, 143, 581-590, doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2015.07.031
68. Preble, CV, Dallmann, TR; Kreisberg, NM; Hering, SV; Harley, RA; Kirchstetter, TW (2015) Effects of particle filters and selective catalytic reduction on heavy-duty diesel drayage truck emissions at the Port of Oakland, Environ. Sci. Technol., doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01117
67. Tang, NW; Apte, JS; Martien, PT; Kirchstetter, TW (2015) Measurement of black carbon emissions from in-use diesel-electric passenger locomotives in California, Atmos. Environ., 115, 295-303, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.001
66. Browne, EC; Franklin, JP; Canagaratna, MR; Massoli, P; Kirchstetter, TW; Worsnop, DR; Wilson, KR; Kroll, JH (2015) Changes to the Chemical Composition of Soot from Heterogeneous Oxidation Reactions, J. Physical Chem. A, 119, 1154-1163, doi: 10.1021/jp511507d.
65. Canagaratna, MR; Massoli, P; Browne, EC; Franklin, JP; Wilson, KR; Onasch, TB; Kirchstetter, TW; Fortner, EC; Kolb, CE; Jayne, JT; Kroll, JH; Worsnop, DR (2015) Chemical Compositions of Black Carbon Particle Cores and Coatings via Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry with Photoionization and Electron Ionization, J. Physical Chem. A, 119, 4589-4599, doi:10.1021/jp510711u.
2014
64. Dallmann, TR; Onasch, TB; Kirchstetter, TW; Worton, DR; Fortner, EC; Herndon, SC; Wood, EC; Franklin, JP; Worsnop, DR; Goldstein, AH; Harley, RA (2014) Characterization of particulate matter emissions from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phy. Discuss, doi: 10.5194/acpd-14-4007-2014.
63. Preble, CV; Hadley, OL; Gadgil, AJ; Kirchstetter, TW (2014) Emissions and climate-relevant optical properties of pollutants emitted from a Three-Stone Fire and the Berkeley-Darfur Stove tested under laboratory conditions, Environ. Sci. Technol., doi:10.1021/es5002715.
62. Worton, DR; Isaacman, G; Gentner, DR; Dallmann, TR; Chan, AWH; Ruehl, CR; Kirchstetter, TW; Wilson, KR; Harley, RA; Goldstein, AH (2014) Lubricating oil dominates primary organic aerosol emissions from motor vehicles, Environ. Sci. Technol., doi:10.1021/es405375j.
61. Thatcher, TL; Kirchstetter, TW; Malejan, CJ; Ward, CE (2014) Infiltration of black carbon particles from residential woodsmoke into nearby homes, Open J. Air Poll., 3, doi:10.4236/ojap.2014.34011.
60. Thatcher, TL, Kirchstetter, TW , Tan, SH , Malejan, CJ; Ward, CE (2014) Near-field variability of residential woodsmoke concentrations, Atmos. Climate Sci., 4, 622-635. doi: 10.4236/acs.2014.44055.
59. Wang, Y; Sohn, MD; Wang, Y; Lask, KM; Kirchstetter, TW; Gadgil, AJ (2014) How many replicate tests are needed to test cookstove performance and emissions? – Three is not adequate, Energy for Sustainable Development, 20, 21–29, doi:10.1016/j.esd.2014.02.002.
58. Sleiman, M; Kirchstetter, TW; Berdahl, P; Gilbert, HE; Quelen, S; Marlot, L; Preble, C; Chen, S; Montalbano, A; Rosseler, O; Akbari, H; Levinson, R; Destaillats, H (2014) Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar reflectance - Part II: Development of an accelerated aging method for roofing materials, SOLMAT, 122, 271-281, doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2013.11.028.
2013
57. Dallmann, TR; Kirchstetter, TW; DeMartini, SJ; Harley, RA (2013) Quantifying on-road emissions from gasoline-powered motor vehicles: accounting for the presence of medium and heavy-duty diesel trucks, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 13873-13881, doi:10.1021/es402875u.
56. Scarnato, B; Vahidinia, S; Richard, DT; Kirchstetter, TW (2013): Effects of internal mixing and aggregate morphology on optical properties of black carbon using a discrete dipole approximation model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5089-5101, doi:10.5194/acp-13-5089-2013.
55. Chan, AWH; Isaacman, G; Wilson, KR; Worton, DR; Ruehl, CR; Nah, T; Gentner, DR; Dallmann, TR; Kirchstetter, TW; et al. (2013) Detailed chemical characterization of unresolved complex mixtures in atmospheric organics: Insights into emission sources, atmospheric processing, and secondary organic aerosol formation, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50533.
2012
54. Hadley, OL; Kirchstetter, TW (2012) Black carbon snow albedo reduction, Nature Climate Change, 2, 437-440, doi: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1433.
53. Dallmann, TR; DeMartini, SJ; Kirchstetter, TW; Herndon, SC; Onasch, TB; Wood, EC; Harley, RA (2012) On-Road Measurement of Gas and Particle Phase Pollutant Emission Factors for Individual Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8511-8518, doi:10.1021/es301936c.
52. Baumgardner, D; Popovicheva, O; Allan, J; Bernardoni, V; Cao, J; Cavalli, F; Cozic, J; Diapouli, E; Eleftheriadis, K; Genberg, PJ; Gonzalez, C; Gysel, M; John, A; Kirchstetter, TW; Kuhlbusch, TAJ; Laborde, M; Lack, D; Müller, T; Niessner, R; Petzold, A; Piazzalunga, A; Putaud, JP; Schwarz, J; Sheridan, P; Subramanian, R; Swietlicki, E; Valli, G; Vecchi, R; Viana, M (2012) Soot reference materials for instrument calibration and intercomparisons: a workshop summary with recommendations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1869-1887, doi:10.5194/amt-5-1869-2012, 2012.
51. Kirchstetter, TW; Thatcher, TL (2012) Contribution of organic carbon to wood smoke particulate matter absorption of solar radiation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-6, doi:10.5194/acp-12-1-2012.
2011
50. Gadgil, A. J., Fridley, D, Zheng, N, Sosler, A, Kirchstetter, T, and Phadke, A, Energy in the Developing World (2011) Book chapter in Physics of Sustainable Energy II: Using Energy Efficiency and Producing it Renewably, Hafemeister, D., Kammen, D., Levi, B., and Schwartz, P., Eds. Published by American Institute of Physics, AIP Conf. Proc. 1401, Melville, NY, 2011. Pp. 54-74. doi: 10.1063/1.3653845.
49. Dallmann, TR; Harley, RA; Kirchstetter, TW (2011) Effects of diesel particle filter retrofits and accelerated fleet turnover on drayage truck emissions at the port of Oakland, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 10773–10779.
48. Sleiman, M; Ban-Weiss, G; Gilbert, HE; Francois, D; Berdahl, P; Kirchstetter, TW; Destaillats, H; Levinson, R (2011) Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar reflectance – Part 1: Analysis of roofing product databases, Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. Cells, 95, 3385-3399, doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2011.08.002.
47. Apte, JS; Kirchstetter, TW; Reich, AH; Deshpande, SJ; Kaushik, G; Chel, A; Marshall, JD; Nazaroff, WW (2011) Concentrations of fine, ultrafine, and black carbon particles in auto-rickshaws in New Delhi, India, Atmos. Environ., 45, 4770-4480.
46. Soto-García, LL; Andreae, MO; Andreae, TW; Artaxo, P; Maenhaut, W; Kirchstetter, T; Novakov, T; Chow, JC; Mayol-Bracero, OL (2011) Evaluation of the carbon content of aerosols from the burning of biomass in the Brazilian Amazon using thermal, optical and thermal-optical analysis methods, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4425-4444, doi:10.5194.
2010
45. Hadley, OL; Corrigan, CE; Kirchstetter, TW; Cliff, SS; Ramanathan, V (2010) Measured black carbon deposition on the Sierra Nevada snow pack and implication for snow pack retreat, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7505-7513.
44. Strawa, AW; Kirchstetter, TW; Puxbaum, H (2010) Special issue for the 9th international conference on carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere, J. Aerosol Sci., 41, 1-4.
2009
43. Strawa, AW; Kirchstetter, TW; Hallar, AG; Ban-Weiss, GA; McLaughlin, JP; Harley, RA; Lunden, MM (2009) Optical and physical properties of primary on-road vehicle particle emissions and their implications for climate change, J. Aerosol Sci., 41, 36-50.
42. GR McMeeking, SM Kreidenweis, S Baker, CM Carrico, JC Chow, JL Collett, WM Hao, AS Holden, TW Kirchstetter, WC Malm, H Moosmüller, AP Sullivan, CE Wold, (2009) Emissions of trace gases and aerosols during the open combustion of biomass in the laboratory, J. Geophys. Res.,114, D19210.
41. Ban-Weiss, GA; Lunden, MM; Kirchstetter, TW; Harley, RA (2009) Size-resolved particle number and volume emission factors for on-road gasoline and diesel motor vehicles, J. Aerosol Sci., 41, 5-12.
40. Ban-Weiss, G; Lunden, MM; Kirchstetter, TW; Harley, RA (2009) Measurement of black carbon and particle number emission factors from individual heavy-duty trucks, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 1419–1424.
39. Timko, MT; Yu, Z; Kroll, J; Jayne, JT; Worsnop, DR; Miake-Lye, RC; Onasch, TB; Liscinsky, D; Kirchstetter, TW; Destaillats, H; Holder, AL; Smith, JD; Wilson, KR. (2009) Sampling artifacts from conductive silicone tubing, Aerosol Sci Technol., 43, 855-865.
38. Shehabi, A; Ganguly, S; Gundel, LA; Horvath, A; Kirchstetter, TW; Lunden, MM; Tschudi, W; Gadgil, AJ; Nazaroff, WW. (2009) Can combining economizers with improved filtration save energy and protect equipment in data centers?, Building Environ., 45, 718-726.
37. Kean, A; Littlejohn, D; Ban-Weiss, G; Harley, R; Kirchstetter, TW; Lunden M. (2009) Trends in on-road vehicle emissions of ammonia, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1565-1570.
2008
36. Kirchstetter, TW; Aguiar, J; Tonse, S; Novakov, T; Fairley, D. (2008) Black carbon concentrations and diesel vehicle emission factors derived from coefficient of haze measurements in California: 1967-2003. Atmos. Environ., 42, 480-491.
35. Novakov, T; Kirchstetter, TW; Menon, S; Aguiar, J. (2008) Response of California temperature to regional anthropogenic aerosol changes, Geophys. Res. Lett, 35, L19808, doi:10.1029/2008GL034894.
34. Hadley, OL; Corrigan, CE; Kirchstetter, TW. (2008) Modified thermal-optical analysis using spectral absorption selectivity to distinguish black carbon from pyrolized organic carbon, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 8459–8464.
33. Lunden, MM, Kirchstetter, TW, Thatcher, TL, Hering, SV, and Brown, NJ. (2008) Factors affecting the indoor concentration of carbonaceous aerosols of outdoor origin. Atmos. Environ., 42, 5660-5671.
32. Ban-Weiss, GA; McLaughlin, JP; Harley, RA; Lunden, MM; Kirchstetter, TW; Kean, AJ; Strawa, AW; Stevenson, ED; Kendall, GR. (2008) Long-term changes in emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles, Atmos. Environ., 42, 220-232.
2007
31. Kirchstetter, T.W.; Novakov, T. (2007) Controlled generation of black carbon particles from a diffusion flame and applications in evaluating black carbon measurement methods. Atmos. Environ., 41, 1874-1888, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.067.
30. Kirchstetter, TW. (2007) Evaluating past and improving present and future measurements of black carbon particles in the atmosphere. California Energy Commission, PIER Energy-Related Environmental Research. Final report CEC-500-2007-042.
29. Jimenez, J; Claiborn, C; Larson, T; Gould, T; Kirchstetter, TW; Gundel, L (2007) Loading effect correction for real-time aethalometer measurements of fresh diesel soot, J. Air Waste Manage.,57, 868-873.
28. Hering, SV; Lunden, MM; Thatcher, TL; Kirchstetter, TW; Brown, NJ (2007) Using regional data and building leakage to assess indoor concentrations of particles of outdoor origin. Aerosol Sci. Technol.,41, 639-654.
2006
27. Harley, RA; Hooper, DS; Kean, AJ; Kirchstetter, TW; et al. (2006) Effects of reformulated gasoline and motor vehicle fleet turnover on emissions and ambient concentrations of benzene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 5084-5088, doi:10.1021/es0604820.
2005
26. Novakov T, Menon S, Kirchstetter TW, Koch, D; Hansen, JE. (2005) Aerosol organic carbon to black carbon ratios: analysis of published data and implications for climate forcing, J Geophys. Res., 110, D21205.
25. Magi, B.; Hobbs P.V.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Novakov, T.; Hegg, D.A.; Gao, S.; Redemann, J.; Schmid, B. (2005) Aerosol properties and chemical apportionment of aerosol optical depth at locations off the United States east coast in July and August 2001. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 919-933.
2004
24. Kirchstetter, TW; Novakov, T; Hobbs, PV. (2004) Evidence that spectral light absorption by aerosols emitted from biomass burning and motor vehicles is different due to organic carbon, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D21208, doi:10.1029/2004JD004999.
23. Sinha, P.; Hobbs P.V.;Yokelson, R.J.; Blake, D.R.; Gao, S; Kirchstetter, T.W. (2004) Emissions from miombo woodland and dambo grassland savanna fires, J. Geophys. Res,109, D11305.
2003
22. Sinha, P.; Hobbs P.V.; Yokelson, R.J.; Blake, D.R.; Gao, S.; Kirchstetter, T.W. (2003) Distributions of trace gases and aerosols during the dry biomass burning season in southern Africa. J. Geophys. Res., 108 , 4536, doi:10.1029/2003JD003691.
21. Kirchstetter, T.W.; Novakov, T.; Hobbs P.V.; Magi, B. (2003) Airborne measurements of carbonaceous aerosols in southern Africa during the dry, biomass burning season. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 10.1029/2002JD002171.
20. Novakov, T.; Ramanathan, V.; Hansen, J.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Sinton, J.E.; Sathaye, J.A. (2003) Large historical changes of fossil-fuel black carbon aerosols. Geophys. Res. Letters, 30, 10.1029/2002GL016345.
19. Gao, S.; Hegg, D.A.; Hobbs, P.V.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Magi, B.I.; Sadilek, M. (2003) Water-soluble organic components in aerosols associated with savanna fires in southern Africa: identification, evolution, and distribution. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 10.1029/2002JD002324.
18. Eatough, D.J.; Eatough, N.L.; Pang, Y.; Sizemore, S.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Novakov, T.; Hobbs, P.V. (2003) Semivolatile particulate organic material in southern Africa during SAFARI 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 10.1029/2002JD002296.
17. Sinha, P.; Hobbs P.V.; Yokelson, R.J.; Bertschi, I.T.; Blake, D.R.; Gao, S.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Novakov, T. (2003) Emissions of trace gases and particles from savanna fires in southern Africa. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 10.1029/2002JD002325.
16. Hobbs, P. V., P. Sinha, R. J. Yokelson, T. J. Christian, D. R. Blake, S. Gao, T. W. Kirchstetter, T. Novakov, and P. Pilewski. (2003) Evolution of gases and particles from a savanna fire in South Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 10.1029/2002JD002352.
15. Sinha, P., P.V. Hobbs, R.J. Yokelson, T.J. Christian, T.W. Kirchstetter, R. Bruintjes. (2003) Emissions of trace gases and particles from two ships in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Atmos. Environ., 37, 2139-2148.
2002
14. Currie L.A.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; et al. (2002) A critical evaluation of interlaboratory data on total, elemental, and isotopic carbon in the carbonaceous particle reference material, NIST SRM 1649a. J. Res. Nat. Inst. Stand. Technol., 107, 279-298.
13. Mayol-Bracero, O.L.; Gabriel, R.; Andreae, M.O.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Novakov, T.; Ogren, J.; Sheridan, P.; Streets, D.G. (2002) Carbonaceous aerosols over the Indian Ocean during INDOEX: chemical characterization, optical properties and probable sources. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2000JD000039.
2001
12. Kirchstetter, T.W.; Corrigan, C.E.; Novakov, T. (2001) Laboratory and field investigation of the adsorption of gaseous organic compounds onto quartz filters. Atmos. Environ., 35, 1663-1671.
11. Gao, S.; Hegg, D.A.; Frick, G.; Caffrey, P.F.; Pasternack, L.; Cantrell, C.; Sullivan, W.; Ambrusko, J.; Albrechcinski, T.; Kirchstetter, T.W. (2001) Experimental and modeling studies of secondary organic aerosol formation and some applications to the marine boundary layer. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27619-27634.
2000
10. Kirchstetter, TW; Novakov, T; Morales, R; Rosario, O (2000) Differences in the volatility of organic aerosol in unpolluted tropical and polluted continental atmospheres. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 26547-26554.
9. Novakov, T.; Andreae, M.O.; Gabriel, R.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Mayol-Bracero, O.L.; Ramanathan, V. (2000) Origin of carbonaceous aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean: Biomass burning or fossil fuels? Geophys. Res. Letters, 27, 4061-4064.
1999
8. Kirchstetter, T.W.; Harley, R.A.; Hering, S.V.; Stolzenburg, M.R.; Kreisberg, N.M. (1999) On-road measurement of fine particle and nitrogen oxide emissions from light- and heavy-duty motor vehicles. Atmos. Environ., 1999, 33, 2955-2968.
7. Marr, L.C.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Harley, R.A.; Miguel, A.H.; Hering, S.V.; Hammond, S.K. (1999) Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in motor vehicle fuels and exhaust emissions. Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 3091-3099.
6. Kirchstetter, TW; Singer, BC; Harley, RA; Kendall, GR; Traverse, M (1999) Impact of California reformulated gasoline on motor vehicle emissions: 1. Mass emission rates, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 318-328.
5. Kirchstetter, T.W.; Singer, B.C.; Harley, R.A.; Kendall, G.R.; Hesson, J.M.(1999) Impact of California reformulated gasoline on motor vehicle emissions: 2. Volatile organic compound speciation and reactivity. Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 329-336.
4. Singer, B.C.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Harley, R.A.; Kendall, G.R.; Hesson, J.M. (1999) A fuel-based approach to estimating motor vehicle cold start emissions. J.Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 49, 125-135.
1998
3. Miguel, A.H.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Harley, R.A.; Hering, S.V. (1998) On-road emissions of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon from gasoline and diesel vehicles. Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 450-455.
1996
2. Kirchstetter, T.W.; Harley, R.A.; Littlejohn, D. (1996) Measurement of nitrous acid in motor vehicle exhaust. Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2843-2849.
1. Kirchstetter, T.W.; Singer, B.C.; Harley, R.A.; Kendall, G.R.; Chan, W. (1996) Impact of oxygenated gasoline use on California light-duty vehicle emissions. Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 661-670.