Tuesday 5:10 pm to 6:30 pm
Wednesday 7:40 am to 8:30 am
Distinguished Professor
Jonathan Bray is a Faculty Chair in Earthquake Engineering Excellence and a Distinguished Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at UC Berkeley. Bray’s research focuses on the seismic performance of earth structures, seismic site response, liquefaction, and ground failure and its effects on structures, earthquake fault rupture propagation, and post-event reconnaissance. He was elected into the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and is an ASCE Fellow, among other honors, including the Seed Medal, Terzaghi Award, Ishihara Lecture, Peck Award, Joyner Lecture, Prakash Award, Huber Research Prize, Packard Foundation Fellowship, and the NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award. Bray has authored more than 450 research publications and has served as a consultant on several important engineering projects and peer review panels.
Ph.D., Geotechnical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 1990
M.S., Structural Engineering, Stanford University, 1981
B.S., United States Military Academy, 1980
Bray's research focuses on geotechnical engineering and earthquake engineering. His research advances the understanding of earthquake fault rupture effects on systems, ground motions and seismic site effects, liquefaction and its effects on structures, seismic slope stability, and the performance of dams. Much of this research was in response to issues raised following significant earthquakes. Bray has supervised the research of over 30 Ph.D. students. Some of his contributions include:
- Bray and Sancio (2006) liquefaction of fine-grained soil criteria - These criteria followed observations of silt liquefaction in the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake (Bray et al. 2004). Field evidence of liquefaction and its effects on buildings in Adapazari, Turkey, and laboratory testing performed on Adapazari silt of different plasticity indices demonstrated soil mineralogy governed its response, not soil particle size.
- Bray and Macedo (2019) seismic slope displacement procedure - The simplified seismic slope displacement procedures of Bray and Travasarou (2007, 2009) were updated by increasing the number of ground motions by a factor of nearly ten and enhancing the sliding block model to create the Bray and Macedo (2019) procedure. Additionally, the unique characteristics of interface earthquakes in subduction zones were captured with the Bray et al. (2018) procedure. The models in these procedures are calibrated to provide results consistent with post-earthquake field measurements of natural earth slopes, earth dams, and municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills.
- Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) - Bray created the NSF-sponsored GEER Association to capture perishable post-earthquake data. Damages observed during earthquakes have motivated several of Bray’s studies. Geotechnical mitigation measures proposed by Oettle and Bray (2013) are well-founded by observations of the effects of surface fault rupture following several earthquakes. The devastating effects of near-fault, pulse ground motions due to forward-directivity led to characterization schemes developed by Bray et al. (2009) and Hayden et al. (2014). The seismic performance of MSW landfills and the engineering properties of MSW with insights on its shear strength by Bray et al. (2009) resulted from observations of the seismic performance of MSW landfills following the 1994 Northridge earthquake.
- Effects of soil liquefaction on buildings - Recent studies documenting and discerning lessons from the impact of liquefaction on buildings in Christchurch, New Zealand (e.g., Bray et al. 2014, 2017) have provided critical insights on the essential roles of the CPT and cyclic laboratory testing to characterize soil deposits and on the use of dynamic soil-structure-interaction (SSI) analysis to evaluate shear-induced liquefaction building settlement. A simplified procedure for assessing liquefaction-induced building settlement is proposed in his 2017 Ishihara Lecture. He recently added a procedure to estimate liquefaction-induced ground settlement in his 2022 Seed Medal Lecture.
RESEARCH PROJECTS:
"Assessment of the Performance of the Ground and Facilities at Wellington Port during Three Earthquakes,” National Science Foundation, 04/20-03/23, $480,382; Principal Investigator.
“Performance Based Earthquake Engineering Assessment Tool for Gas Storage and Transmission System,” California Energy Commission, 12/19-03/22, $4,940,158; Principal Investigator.
“Detailed Evaluation of Insightful Liquefaction Ejecta Case Histories,” U.S. Geological Survey, National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, 06/20-05/21, $96,974; Principal Investigator.
“Liquefaction-Induced Ground Settlement Procedure,” State of California, Department of Transportation (Caltrans), 10/21-9/22, $65,000; Principal Investigator.
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CPT CASE HISTORIES OF POST-LIQUEFACTION FREE-FIELD GROUND SETTLEMENT
Franklin Olaya and Professor Jonathan D. Bray developed a CPT-based post-liquefaction free-field ground settlement case history database described in the report provided below with the flatfile which is also provided below (other appendices are available through links below and in the report):
Case Histories Summary Flatfile - Appendix A
Case Histories - Appendices C - I
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Detailed Evaluation of Insightful Liquefaction Ejecta Case Histories for the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence, New Zealand
Zorana Mijic and Professor Jonathan D. Bray in collaboration with Dr. Sjoerd van Ballegooy developed an liquefaction ejecta database described in the report provided below with two electronic appendices which are also provide below:
Detailed Ejecta Case Histories - Appendix A (large PDF file that documents each case history)
Detailed Ejecta Case Histories Summary Flatfile - Appendix B
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Simplified Procedure for Estimating Liquefaction-Induced Building Settlement
Professor Jonathan D. Bray in collaboration with Dr. Jorge Macedo developed a simplified procedure for estimating liquefaction-induced building settlement. The procedure is described in this paper:
Bray, J.D. and Macedo, J. (2017) “6th Ishihara Lecture: Simplified Procedure for Estimating Liquefaction-Induced Building Settlement,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V 102, 215-231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.08.026.
This procedure includes a method for estimating Shear-Induced Liquefaction Building Settlement. It is implemented in the program CLiq v.2.0 (https://geologismiki.gr/products/cliq/). A spreadsheet for performing this calculation is also provided below:
Bray & Macedo (2017) Shear-Induced Liquefaction Building Settlement
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Simplified Seismic Slope Displacement Procedures
Professor Jonathan D. Bray in collaboration with Dr. Jorge Macedo and Dr. Thaleia Travasarou developed simplified procedures for evaluating the seismic slope stability of earth/waste structure and natural slopes. The procedures are described in these papers:
Bray, J.D. and Travasarou, T. (2007) “Simplified Procedure for Estimating Earthquake-Induced Deviatoric Slope Displacements,” J. of Geotech. & Geoenv. Engrg., ASCE, Vol. 133(4), 381-392.
Bray, J.D. and Travasarou, T. (2009) “Pseudostatic Coefficient for Use in Simplified Seismic Slope Stability Evaluation,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenv. Engineering, ASCE, 135(9), 1336-1340.
Bray, J.D., Macedo, J., and Travasarou, T. (2018) “Simplified Procedure for Estimating Seismic Slope Displacements for Subduction Zone Earthquakes,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 144(3): 04017124, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001833.
Bray, J.D., and Macedo, J. (2019) “Procedure for Estimating Shear-Induced Seismic Slope Displacement for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 145(12), doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002143.
Bray, J.D., and Macedo, J. (2023) “Performance-Based Seismic Assessment of Slope Systems,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 168, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.107835.
Macedo, J., Bray, J.D., and Liu, C. (2023) “Seismic Slope Displacement Procedure for Interface and Intraslab Subduction Zone Earthquakes,” J Geotech Geoenviron Eng., ASCE, in press.
The most recent procedures (e.g., Bray and Macedo 2019, and Macedo et al. 2023) are provided in this Simplified Seismic Slope Stability Excel Spreadsheet:
B&M19_MBL23-Seismic-Slope-Displacement
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Oso Landslide State of Washington Reports
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Liquefaction Sediment Ejecta Estimates
The Ejecta Potential Index (EPI) captures key aspects of the hydraulic processes of liquefaction manifestation. Its use is described in Hutabarat, D., and Bray J.D. (2021) “Seismic Response Characteristics of Liquefiable Sites with and without Sediment Ejecta Manifestation,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002506, in press.
Supporting files for the Hutabarat & Bray (2021) paper are provided below:
Animations (uploaded at ASCE JGGE site with paper)
Sensitivity Results - Layer Stratification
Sensitivity Results - Ground Motion
Sensitivity Results - Groundwater Level
Sensitivity Results - Hydraulic Conductivity
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Modified-UBCSAND User-Defined Model
This model was developed at UC Berkeley by Dr. Nicolas K. Oettle in collaboration with Professor Jonathan D. Bray. The models are based on UBCSAND developed by Professor Peter Byrnes, Michael Beaty, et al. Documentation of UBCSAND can be found on the FLAC website. The modifications to the UBCSAND model for use in surface fault rupture interaction analysis can be found in these papers:
Oettle, N, and Bray, J.D., “Fault Rupture Propagation through Previously Ruptured Soil,” JGGE, ASCE, Vol. 139(10), 2013, pp. 1637-1647.
Oettle, N, and Bray, J.D., “Geotechnical Mitigation Strategies for Earthquake Surface Fault Rupture,” JGGE, ASCE, Vol. 139(11), 2013, pp. 1864-1874.
Modified-UBCSAND Model:
FLAC6 DLL for modUBCSAND
FLAC7 DLL for modUBCSAND
National Academy of Engineering, elected in 2015
Otto Glogau Award, New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (best NZSEE paper award), 2023
H. Bolton Seed Medal, ASCE, 2022
Karl Terzaghi Award, ASCE, 2019
The Osterberg Lecture, Northwestern Univ., 2019
Outstanding Paper Award, 7ICEGE, Technical Committee on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, ISSMGE, 2019
6th Ishihara Lecture, Technical Committee on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, ISSMGE, 2017
25th Buchanan Lecture, Texas A&M, College Station, Texas, 2017
Best Practice Paper Award, New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Conference, 2017
Haley & Aldrich Distinguished Lecture in Geotechnical Engineering, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, 2016
Sowers Lecture, 18th Annual Sowers Symposium, Geo-Institute, Georgia Chapter & Georgia Tech, Atlanta, 2015
Outstanding Paper Award for Earthquake Spectra, 2014
Mueser Rutledge Lecture, ASCE Metropolitan Section, New York, 2014
Ralph B. Peck Award, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013
Fulbright Award, U.S. Fulbright Scholarship to New Zealand, 2013
William B. Joyner Lecture Award, Seismological Society of America & Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, 2012
Thomas A. Middlebrooks Award, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010
Fellow, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006
Shamsher Prakash Award for International Contributions to Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, 1999
Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1997
Forensic Engineering Outstanding Paper Award, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1995
David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship for Science and Engineering, 1992
Trent R. Dames and William W. Moore Award, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1992
Presidential Young Investigators Award, National Science Foundation, 1991
CE 175 - "Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering" (3 semester units)
CE 177 - “Foundation Engineering Design” (3 semester units)
CE 272 - "Numerical Modeling in Geomechanics" (3 semester units)
CE 273 - "Advanced Geotechnical Testing and Design" (3 semester units)
CE 275 - "Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering" (3 semester units)
CE 277 - "Advanced Foundation Engineering" (3 semester units)
“Liquefaction Ejecta-Induced Damage,” doctoral research topic of Zorana Mijic, ongoing research.
“Monotonic and Cyclic Response of Mine Tailings and Post-Cyclic Deformation,” doctoral research topic of Franklin Ricardo Olaya Trinidad, ongoing research.
“Seismic Performance of Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines Affected by Ground Failure,” doctoral research topic of Christopher Bain, ongoing research.
“Discrete Element Modeling of Sand Production and Stress-Dependent Granular Material Response,” doctoral research topic of Xinyi Qian, ongoing research.
Recent Journal Papers
Oettle, N, and Bray, J.D. (2013) “Geotechnical Mitigation Strategies for Earthquake Surface Fault Rupture,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 139(11), 1864-1874, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000933.
van Ballegooy, S., P. Malan, V. Lacrosse, M.E. Jacka, M. Cubrinovski, J.D. Bray, T. D. O’Rourke, S.A. Crawford, and H. Cowan (2014) “Assessment of Liquefaction-Induced Land Damage for Residential Christchurch, Earthquake Spectra J., Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Vol. 30(1), 31-55, DOI: 10.1193/031813EQS070M.
Bray, J.D., Cubrinovski, M., Zupan, J., and Taylor, M. (2014) “Liquefaction Effects on Buildings in the Central Business District of Christchurch,” Earthquake Spectra J., Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Vol. 30(1), 85-109, DOI: 10.1193/022113EQS043M.
Dashti, S., Bray, J.D., Reilly, J., Glaser, S., Bayen, A., and Ervasti, M. (2014) “Evaluating the Reliability of Mobile Phones as Seismic Monitoring Instruments,” Earthquake Spectra J., Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Vol. 30(2), 1-22, DOI: 10.1193/091711EQS229M.
Bray, J.D., and Dashti, S. (2014) “Liquefaction-Induced Building Movements,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Springer, Vol. 12(3), 1129-1156, DOI: 10.1007/s10518-014-9619-8.
Trombetta, N.W., Mason, H.B., Hutchinson, T.C., Zupan, J.D., Bray, J.D., and Kutter, B.L. (2014) “Nonlinear Soil-Foundation-Structure and Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction: Centrifuge Test Observations,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 140(5), Paper 04013057; 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001074.
Hayden, C., Bray, J.D., and Abrahamson, N.A. (2014) “Selection of Near-Fault Pulse Motions,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 140(7), Paper 04014030, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001129.
Hayden, C.P., Zupan, J.D., Bray, J.D., Allmond, J.D., and Kutter, B.L. (2015) “Centrifuge Tests of Adjacent Mat-Supported Buildings Affected by Liquefaction,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 141(3), Paper 04014118, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001253.
Oettle, N., Bray, J.D., and Dreger, D. (2015) “Dynamic Effects of Surface Fault Rupture Interaction with Structures,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 72, 37-47, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.01.019.
Trombetta, N.W., Mason, H.B., Hutchinson, T.C., Zupan, J.D., Bray, J.D., and Kutter, B.L. (2015) “Nonlinear Soil-Foundation-Structure and Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction: Engineering Demands,” J. of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 141(7), 04014177. 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001127.
Gingery, J., Elgamal, A., and Bray, J.D. (2015) “Response Spectra at Liquefaction Sites during Shallow Crustal Earthquakes,” Earthquake Spectra J., Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, V. 31(4), 2325-2349, DOI: 10.1193/101813EQS272M.
Allmond, J., Kutter, B.L., Bray, J.D., and Hayden, C. (2015) “A New Database for Foundation and Ground Performance in Liquefaction Experiments,” Earthquake Spectra J., Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, V. 31(4), 2485-2509, DOI: 10.1193/072814EQS120.
Markham, C.S., Bray, J.D., Macedo, J., and Luque, R. (2016) “Evaluating Nonlinear Effective Stress Site Response Analyses using Records from the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 82(1), 84-98, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.12.007.
Markham, C.S., Bray, J.D., Riemer, M.F, and Cubrinovski, M. (2016) “Characterization of Shallow Soils in the Central Business District of Christchurch, New Zealand,” Geotechnical Testing J., ASTM, doi:10.1520/GTJ2015024.
Stewart, J. P., Kramer, S. L., Kwak, D. Y., Greenfield, M. W., Kayen, R. E., Tokimatsu, K., Bray, J. D., Beyzaei, C. Z., Cubrinovski, M., Sekiguchi, T., Nakai, S., and Bozorgnia, Y. (2016) “PEER-NGL Project: Open Source Global Database and Model Development for the Next-Generation of Liquefaction Assessment Procedures,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 91, 317-328, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.07.009.
Oettle, N, and Bray, J.D. (2017) “Numerical Procedures for Simulating Earthquake Fault Rupture Propagation,” International Journal of Geomechanics, V. 17(1), ASCE, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000661.
Bray, J.D., Markham, C.S., and Cubrinovski, M. (2017) “Liquefaction Assessments at Shallow Foundation Building Sites in the Central Business District of Christchurch, New Zealand,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 92, 153-164, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.09.049.
Cubrinovski, M., Bray, J.D., de la Torre, C., Olsen, M., Bradley, B.A., Chiaro, G., Stocks, E., and Wotherspoon, L. (2017) “Liquefaction Effects and Associated Damages Observed at the Wellington CentrePort from the 2016 Kaikoura Earthquake,” Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, V. 50(2), 152-173.
Luque, R., and Bray, J.D. (2017) “Dynamic Analyses of Two Buildings Founded on Liquefiable Soils during the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 143(9) DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001736.
Bray, J.D. and Luque, R. (2017) “Seismic Performance of a Building Affected by Moderate Liquefaction during the Christchurch Earthquake,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 102, 99-111, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.08.011.
Bray, J.D. and Macedo, J. (2017) “6th Ishihara Lecture: Simplified Procedure for Estimating Liquefaction-Induced Building Settlement,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V 102, 215-231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.08.026.
Bray, J.D., Macedo, J., and Travasarou, T. (2018) “Simplified Procedure for Estimating Seismic Slope Displacements for Subduction Zone Earthquakes,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 144(3): 04017124, DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001833.
Beyzaei, C.Z., Bray, J.D., van Ballegooy, S., Cubrinovski, S., and Bastin, S. (2018) “Depositional environment effects on observed liquefaction performance in silt swamps during the Canterbury earthquake sequence,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 107, 303-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.01.035.
Cubrinovski, M., Bray, J.D., de la Torre, C., Olsen, M., Bradley, B.A., Chiaro, G., Stocks, E., Wotherspoon, L., and Krall, T. (2018) “Liquefaction-Induced Damage and CPT Characterization of the Reclamations at CentrePort, Wellington,” B. Seismological Society of America, V. 108(3), doi.org/10.1785/0120170246.
Markham, C.S., Bray, J.D., Cubrinovski, M., and Riemer, M.F. (2018) “Liquefaction Resistance and Steady State Characterization of Shallow Soils within the Christchurch Central Business District,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 144(6), doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001823.
Carlton, B., Pestana, J.M., Bray, J.D., and Tokimatsu, K. (2018). A Simplified Model to Estimate Non-Liquefiable NEHRP F Site Design Spectra,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 110, 28-42, doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.04.009.
Beyzaei, C.Z., Bray, J.D., Cubrinovski, S., Riemer, M., and Stringer, M. (2018) “Laboratory-Based Characterization of Shallow Silty Soils in Southwest Christchurch,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 110, 98-109, doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.01.046.
Macedo, J., Bray, J.D., Abrahamson, N., and Travasarou, T. (2018) “Performance-based probabilistic seismic slope displacement procedure,” Earthquake Spectra J., Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, doi.org/10.1193/122516EQS251M.
Garcia, F.E., and Bray, J.D. (2018) “Distinct Element Simulations of Shear Rupture in Dilatant Granular Media,” International Journal of Geomechanics, ASCE, V. 18(9), DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001238.
Macedo, J. and Bray, J.D. (2018) “Key Trends in Liquefaction-Induced Building Settlement,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 144(11), DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001951.
Garcia, F.E., and Bray J.D. (2018) “Distinct element simulations of earthquake fault rupture through materials of varying density,” Soils and Foundations, V. 58, 986-1000, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.05.009
Garcia, F.E., and Bray J.D. (2019) “Modeling the Shear Response of Granular Materials with Discrete Element Assemblages of Sphere-Clusters,” Computers and Geotechnics, V. 106, 99-107, DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.10.003.
Bray, J.D, Frost, J.D., Rathje, E.R., and Garcia, F.E. (2019) “Recent Advances in Geotechnical Post-Earthquake Reconnaissance,” Frontiers in Built Environment J., V. 5:5, doi: 10.3389/fbuil.2019.00005.
Yerro, A., Soga, K., and Bray, J.D. (2019) “Runout Evaluation of the Oso Landslide with the Material Point Method,” Canadian Geotechnical J., published on web 4 December 2018, doi: 10.1139/cgj-2017-0630.
Garcia, F.E., and Bray J.D. (2019) “Discrete Element Analysis of Earthquake Fault Rupture-Soil-Foundation Interaction,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 145(9), doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002092.
Macedo, J., Abrahamson, N., and Bray, J.D. (2019) “Arias Intensity Conditional Scaling Ground-Motion Models for Subduction Zone,” B. Seismological Society of America, V. 109(4), 1342-1357, doi: 10.1785/0120180297.
Garcia, F.E., and Bray J.D. (2019) “Discrete Element Analysis of the Influence of Granular Soil Density on Earthquake Surface Fault Rupture Interaction with Rigid Foundations,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 145(11), doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002163.
Bray, J.D., and Macedo, J. (2019) “Procedure for Estimating Shear-Induced Seismic Slope Displacement for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 145(12), doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002143.
Beyzaei, C.Z., Bray, J.D., Cubrinovski, S., Bastin, S., Riemer, M., Stringer, M., Jacka, M., van Ballegooy, S., Riemer, M., and Wentz, R. (2019) "Characterization of Silty Soil Thin-Layering and Groundwater Conditions for Liquefaction Assessment," Canadian Geotechnical J., doi: 10.1139/cgj-2018-0287.
Dhakal, R., Cubrinovski, M., Bray, J.D., and de la Torre, C., (2020) “Liquefaction Assessment of Reclaimed Land at CentrePort, Wellington,” Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, V. 53(1), March, 1-12.
Luque, R., and Bray, J.D. (2020) “Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction Analyses of Two Important Structures Affected by Liquefaction during the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 133, June, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106026.
Dhakal, R., Cubrinovski, M., and Bray, J.D. (2020) “Geotechnical Characterization and Liquefaction Evaluation of Gravelly Reclamations and Hydraulic Fills (Port of Wellington, New Zealand),” Soils and Foundations, V. 60, 1507-1531, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2020.10.001.
Bray, J.D., and Macedo, J. (2021) “Closure to ‘Procedure for Estimating Shear-Induced Seismic Slope Displacement for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes,’”J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002143.
Cappellaro, C., Cubrinovski, M., Bray, J.D., Chiaro, G., Riemer, M.F., and Stringer, M.E. (2021) “Liquefaction Resistance of Christchurch Sandy Soils from Direct Simple Shear Tests, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106489.
Hutabarat, D., and Bray J.D. (2021) “Effective Stress Analysis of Liquefiable Sites to Estimate the Severity of Sediment Ejecta,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 147(5), 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002503.
Mijic, Z., Bray, J.D., Riemer, M.F., Cubrinovski, M., and Rees, S.D. (2021) “Test Method for Minimum and Maximum Densities of Small Quantities of Soil,” Soils and Foundations, V. 61, 533-540, 10.1016/j.sandf.2020.12.003.
Hutabarat, D., and Bray J.D. (2021) “Seismic Response Characteristics of Liquefiable Sites with and without Sediment Ejecta Manifestation,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 147(6), 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002506.
Mijic, Z., Bray, J.D., Riemer, M.F., Rees, S.D., and Cubrinovski, M. (2021) “Cyclic and Monotonic Simple Shear Testing of Native Christchurch Silty Soil,”Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 148, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.106834.
Garcia, F.E., and Bray J.D. (2022) “Discrete Element Analysis of Earthquake Surface Fault Rupture through Layered Media,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering J., V. 152, 107021, doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.107021.
Hutabarat, D., and Bray J.D. (2022) “Estimating the Severity of Liquefaction Ejecta using the Cone Penetration Test,” J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 148(3), 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002744.