This paper presents simple formulae for the utility covariances of the nested logit (NL) model, and based on these defines a "scaled tree" that can be used as an aid for the interpretation of estimation results.
The paper also shows that the full information log-
likelihood function of linear-in-the-parameters NL models is
concave in the utility parameters. Thus, conditional on the
scaling parameters, full information maximum likelihood (FIML)
searches cannot get trapped in local maxima.
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